The situation unfolded when Li's team leader scolded her over work-related issues. This reprimand triggered a profound emotional response, leading to a total shutdown of her mental and physical faculties. Over time, her condition worsened, severely impairing her physical abilities. Family members described a distressing scene where, if they removed the pillow from beneath her head, it would hang limply without support. Li also gradually lost control over basic bodily functions, requiring assistance from her family for even the simplest tasks.

Upon being admitted to the hospital, Li was described by her physician, Dr. Jia Dehuan of Zhengzhou Eighth People's Hospital, as resembling a "wooden figure"—motionless and unresponsive. Dr. Jia identified her condition as catatonic stupor, a severe symptom of depression characterized by a lack of movement, unresponsiveness, loss of motor control, and withdrawal from reality. He noted that this extreme manifestation of depression is often triggered by intense emotional trauma.

What is Catatonic Stupor?

Catatonic stupor, also referred to simply as catatonia, is a psychomotor disorder that disrupts the connection between mental function and movement. Individuals experiencing catatonia may exhibit a range of symptoms, including a stupor that leaves them unable to move, speak, or respond to stimuli. The duration of catatonia can vary widely, lasting from a few hours to weeks, months, or even years, and can potentially recur long after the initial episode.

Causes of Catatonic Stupor

Several factors can contribute to the onset of catatonia, including:

• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Psychotic disorders
• Bipolar disorders
• Depressive disorders
• Cerebral folate deficiency
• Autoimmune diseases

Symptoms of Catatonia

Individuals with catatonia may experience various symptoms, such as:

• Stupor: Inability to move or speak, often with a blank expression
• Posturing: Remaining in a fixed position for an extended period
• Malnourishment and dehydration
• Echolalia: Repeating others' words or phrases without comprehension
• Muscular rigidity
• Negativity: Resistance to instructions or attempts to engage
• Mimicking others’ movements
• Going mute
• Restlessness and rigidity
• Fluctuations in vital signs, including blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate

Who is Most at Risk?

Studies indicate that women are at a higher risk for developing catatonia, with the likelihood increasing with age. While catatonia has historically been associated with schizophrenia, it is now recognized as a distinct disorder. Research shows that about 10% of severely ill psychiatric inpatients experience catatonia, with approximately 20% having a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 45% suffering from mood disorders. Additionally, women with postpartum depression may be vulnerable to this condition. Other risk factors include:

• Recurrent use of cocaine
• Low sodium levels in the blood
• Use of certain medications, such as ciprofloxacin

Understanding catatonic stupor and its implications is crucial, as it highlights the profound effects emotional trauma can have on mental health. Support and treatment are essential for recovery and regaining normal functioning.